Niko nema pravo da maltretira dužnike, pa ni agencije za naplatu bankarskih dugova
Ako ste dužni za neotplaćeni kredit ili imate bilo kakav dug u bankama, na vrata vam neće doći “žestoki momci”, ali je moguće da će agencije za naplatu dugova koje su otkupili od komercijalnih banaka, maltretirati rodbinu, prijatelje, poslovne partnere koje ne bi trebali zvati da bi natjerali dužnika na povrat novca.
Međutim, postoji mnogo mirniji i civilizovaniji način na koji banke, firme ili pojedinci mogu naplatiti svoja potraživanja ili dugove, a da se nikome ništa ružno ne desi.
Utjerivanje dugova u Bosni i Hercegovini i na ovaj način izaziva velike probleme, a oni koji duguju žale se kako neke agencije i firme koje se bave tom vrstom posla maltretiraju od poziva telefonom, pa do ispitivanja i brukanja kod familije, firmi s kojima sarađuju, kako bi ponizili dužnika i natjerali ga da plati dug.
Niko od dužnika ne želi javno govoriti o problemima s kojima se susreću sa utjerivačima dugova. Kada vam zazvoni telefon, ne znate ko vas poziva jer su nazivi firme sakriveni.
– Tek kad je navela godište osobe koju navodno traži i adresu, shvatila je da je pogriješila. Kada sam je pitao odakle im moj broj telefona i odakle im pravo da me uznemiravaju, rekla je da je broj pronašla u telefonskom imeniku, a to što rade, prema njima, nije uznemiravanje nego uobičajena procedura prikupljanja informacija – ispričao nam je jedan građanin.
Zna se desiti i da niste niste dužnik, a da vas agencije za naplatu dugovanja maltretiraju jer su došli do pogrešnih podataka.
Ko kontroliše agencije za naplatu dugovanja i na koji način dolaze do podataka, brojeva telefona, dužnika, njegove porodice, adrese stanovanja, nisu nam znali reći ni u Centralnoj banci BiH, ali znaju da se ovim poslom bavi četiri-pet firmi u Bosni i Hercegovini.
– U Bosni i Hercegovini naplaćivanjem dugovanja klijentima komercijalnih banaka bavi se četiri-pet firmi. Ove firme se ne moraju prijaviti Centralnoj banci BiH jer sa njihovom dozvolom za rad Centralna banka nema ništa. Naša je jedina veza sa ovim firmama da mogu ući u Centralni registar kredita koji se nalazi u Centralnoj banci BiH. Takve firme u Sudu moraju biti registrovane za obavljanje finansijske djelatnosti. Entitetske agencije za bankarstvo za bilo koji otkup dugovanja, komercijalna banka od njih mora dati saglasnost. Kako te firme rade, mi ne znamo jer im mi ne dajemo dozvolu za rad niti znamo kako oni komuniciraju sa dužnicima – kazao je Saša Lemez iz Odjeljenja za platne sisteme Centralne banke BiH.
Na koji način firme za naplatu otkupljuju dugovanja od komercijalnih banka, pojasnili su iz Agencije za bankarstvo Federacije BiH.
– Kupoprodaja plasmana se reguliše ugovorom između banke i kupca, kojim se prenosi potraživanje po osnovu kredita, kamata, zajmova ili se prenose rizici i koristi s osnove plasmana s banke prodavca na društvo koje se bavi kupoprodajom plasmana – pojašnjava Jasmin Mahmuzić, direktor Agencije za bankarstvo FBiH.
U ugovoru je definisano da je kupac predmeta kupoprodaje pravna osoba koja je u Bosni i Hercegovini registrovana za obavljanje djelatnosti naplate potraživanja i naplatno-kreditno poslovanje.
– Za plasmane odobrene korisnicima finansijskih usluga iz propisa kojim se uređuje zaštita korisnika finansijskih usluga (fizička lica, kojem plasman nije odobren u poslovne ili druge komercijalne svrhe), kupac mora imati dozvolu za rad. U skladu s navedenim, Agencija za bankarstvo FBiH nije nadležna za nadzor nad pravnim licima koji su kupci plasmana banke – zaključuje Mahmuzić.
O problemima koje imaju dužnici u Agenciji za bankarstvo FBiH ništa ne znaju.
Kontaktirali smo firmu Eos Matrix u Sarajevu da pojasne na koji način obavljaju naplatu dugova. Kako se osniva firma za naplatu dugovanja i kakva su njihova iskustva u radu sa dužnicima.
– Kompanija za otkup potraživanja komercijalnih banaka u FBiH se osniva u skladu sa Zakonom o privrednim društvima FBiH. Za kompanije koje se bave ovom djelatnošću nije potrebna licenca Agencije za bankarstvo FBiH. Iskustva su uglavnom vrlo pozitivna. Kompanija EOS posluje u skladu sa visokim profesionalnim standardima EOS grupe, jednog od najvećih evropskih investitora u ovoj djelatnosti. U svom radu primjenjujemo ekspertizu i dugogodišnje iskustvo u naplati potraživanja. Moramo istaknuti da smo uvijek usmjereni ka održivom dogovoru na zadovoljstvo svih uključenih strana. U Federaciji BiH je dozvoljeno otkupljivati potraživanja prema pravnim licima, kada je u pitanju bankarski sektor. U drugim sektorima smo u prilici otkupljivati potraživanja i prema fizičkim licima – navode iz firme Eos Matrix.
Da li prave probleme dužnicima često ih kontaktirajući telefonom, iz firme Eos Matrix odgovaraju za Faktor.
– U komunikaciji sa našim klijentima trudimo se doći do održivog rješenja za sve uključene strane. U interesu nam je da ekonomska pozicija našeg klijenta može podržati postignuti dogovor. Do informacija o našim klijentima dolazimo putem dostupnih registara uz predočenje odgovarajuće pravne osnove (sudska presuda ili ugovor o kreditu). Teško je dati ocjenu o uspješnosti naplate dugova. Uspješnost u naplati zavisi od starosti kredita, osiguranju kredita i generalno kreditnoj politici prethodnog povjerioca. Svaki portfolio kredita je priča za sebe sa svim svojim karakteristikama i posebnostima (broj predmeta, prosječna potraživanja, struktura potraživanja, starost i sl.).
Ovo nije jedina firma u BiH koja se bavi naplatom potraživanja i dugova, isto rade i neke advokatske kancelarije.
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