Dvojno državljanstvo uskoro moguće u Njemačkoj?
Milioni ljudi u Njemačkoj, među njima mnogi državljani BiH, moraju da biraju – ili državljanstvo koje već imaju, ili njemačko. Po svemu sudeći, iduća Vlada bi mogla da omogući dvojno državljanstvo za sve.
– Mladi ljudi od 18 godina ne mogu da razumiju što po pitanju dvojnog državljanstva još imamo pravila koja su relikt prošlog vremena – rekla je košefica njemačkih Zelenih Annalena Baerbock za Deutschlandfunk.
Ona je u tom razgovoru potvrdila da će Socijaldemokrate, Zeleni i Liberali u predstojećim pregovorima o koalicionoj Vladi pokušati da utabaju put za modernizaciju Njemačke. To je novi znak da bi iduća vlast mogla da omogući dvojno državljanstvo, o čemu je i ranije bilo riječi.
U jeku pregovora o takozvanoj semafor koaliciji – nazvanoj prema bojama tri partije – u fokusu su pitanja poreza, povećanja minimalne plaće i borbe protiv klimatskih promjena. Ali, kako je pisao Westdeutsche Algemeine Zeitung, sa tom koalicijom došao bi i niz promjena u društvu. O njima se manje debatuje jer se tu tri stranke u principu slažu oko svega.
– Mladi bi stjecali pravo glasa već sa 16 godina, konzumiranje kanabisa bilo bi djelimično legalizovano, a dvojno državljanstvo načelno moguće – piše list, prenosi Deutsche Welle.
U preliminarnom papiru, koji su stranke utanačile u petak, a koji sada treba da bude produbljen koalicionim pregovorima, stoji da se zalažu za “moderni koncept državljanstva”. Osim toga: “Oni koji su dobro integrisani u Njemačkoj i sami se izdržavaju, treba da brže dobijaju pravno sigurni boravišni status.”
Samo za državljane EU i Švicarske
Sada je u Njemačkoj dvojno državljanstvo načelno zabranjeno – osim ukoliko se radi o državljanima neke druge članice EU-a ili Švicarcima. U prijevodu, može se istovremeno imati njemački i hrvatski pasoš, ali ne može njemački i bosanski.
Za milione migranata i njihove djece to znači da, kad ispune uslove za dobijanje njemačkog državljanstva, moraju da odluče da li će postati državljani nove domovine ili zadržati svoje staro državljanstvo.
Dvojno državljanstvo dobija se i u posebnim slučajevima pa ga tako recimo dobijaju Marokanci jer njima u Maroku prijete teške posljedice ukoliko se odreknu državljanstva. Takođe, djeca rođena u Njemačkoj mogu da imaju privremeno dvojno državljanstvo, ali se, kad navrše 18 godina, i oni moraju odlučiti za jedno.
Njemački pasoš među najjačima na svijetu
Trenutno se u Njemačkoj poslije pet godina kontinuiranog boravka i rada može podnijeti zahtjev za stalnu boravišnu dozvolu, dok je zahtjev za državljanstvo moguć poslije osam godina. Tada se polaže i test poznavanja njemačkog pravnog sistema, kulture i historije.
Državljanstvo Njemačke donosi njenim (novim) građanima pravo glasa na svim nivoima, praktično doživotnu dozvolu boravka, mogućnost da se zaposle u statusu državnih službenika kao i bezvizna putovanja u 191 državu ili teritoriju na svijetu. To čini njemački pasoš trećim najjačim na svijetu, poslije Japana i Singapura.
Među njemačkim građanima koji imaju još jedan pasoš najviše je Poljaka (344.000). Građana Bosne i Hercegovine tu ima oko 80.000. U Njemačkoj inače živi oko 240.000 bh. građana.
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