Njemački stručnjaci: Gotovo je nemoguće zaraziti se vani
Čini se da je zatvaranje terasa bilo besmisleno, njemački stručnjaci: Gotovo je nemoguće zaraziti se vani
Je li vani potpuno sigurno?
Aerosoli, sićušne čestice koje lebde zrakom, glavni su krivac za prenošenje koronavirusa. Prema nalazima znanstvenika, to se događa uglavnom u zatvorenim prostorijama. „Zato što je cirkulacija zraka na otvorenom mnogo veća. Imate strujanje vjetra pa se tako vrlo brzo koncentracija aerosola razrjeđuje“, kaže za Deutsche Welle Nico Mutters, šef Instituta za javno zdravlje pri Sveučilišnoj klinici u Bonnu.
Slično kaže i virusolog Aleksander Kekule, ali dodaje – to sve važi ako se i na otvorenom drži razmak od najmanje metar i pol. „Ako ne držite taj razmak, gledate se licem u lice i glasno pričate, pjevate, vičete, pljujete – onda se, umjesto aerosolima, možete zaraziti kapljično.“
Studije potvrđuju da je opasnost od zaraze vani ekstremno niska. Jedno istraživanje iz Kine je proučilo 7.324 slučaja zaraze – samo u jednom slučaju na otvorenom. Kekule kaže da to isto važi za mutacije virusa – one su nešto zaraznije, ali mjere ostaju iste. „Mutanti ne lete dalje”, kaže virusolog.
Kako utječe vjetar?
„Što vjetrovitije, to će prije biti razbijeni oblaci aerosola koje čovjek proizvodi”, kaže Gerhard Scheuch, fizičar i istraživač aerosola. Na pitanje je li, recimo, na livadi gdje borave različite grupice ljudi moguće da vjetar odnese aerosole od jedne do druge grupe, Scheuch kaže da je to praktično nemoguće.
„Samo zbog tjelesne temperature se stvara neka vrsta zračne struje koja uglavnom, kao kod kamina, ide prema gore“, priča ovaj fizičar za DW. Jer, tjelesna temperatura od oko 37 stupnjeva je uglavnom viša od vanjske temperature. „Time se topliji zrak penje gore, pa i taj oblak aerosola.”
Jedna studija u Iranu je također potvrdila da vjetar ne igra nikakvu ulogu u prenošenju virusa.
Što kad je vani toplo, a što kad je hladno?
To nije do kraja znanstveno razjašnjeno. Američki istraživači su pratili razvoj infekcije u toplim, hladnim, suhim i vlažnim predjelima Kine – i nisu našli nikakve razlike. Jedna austrijska studija je ustanovila da ultraljubičasto zračenje Sunca ubija virus recimo na površinama, ali da to malo utječe na prijenos zaraze s čovjeka na čovjeka.
Ima li maska na otvorenom smisla?
Ima, ako se ne može držati razmak. Pogotovo u većim gužvama, recimo na koncertima. „Ili kad ste na autobusnoj stanici, ili u nekom redu, onda maska ima smisla“, zaključuje Wehner.
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