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Znate li zašto američki kamioni imaju ‘nos’, a europski nemaju?

Gradacacki Glas

Američki vozači moraju prelaziti mnogo veće udaljenosti i zbog toga im odgovara dizajn kamiona s ‘nosom’, odnosno imaju veći komfor u kabini

Američki i europski kamioni se bitno razlikuju. Europski kamioni imaju pravilnu, ‘odsječenu’ kabinu, a američki kamioni veliki ‘nos’ sprijeda. Zašto je nastala ta razlika, koja nije samo transportna i prometna, nego je često naglašavana i u sferi popularne kulture? Brojni su filmovi ceste u kojima su kamioni s dugim ‘nosom’ česti scenski rekviziti, od Spielbergovog Duela, australskog Pobješnjelog Maxa 2 pa sve do posljednjeg Pobješnjelog Maxa iz 2015. Oni, jednostavno, izgledaju atraktivnije.

Razlike između kamiona su uvjerovane dizajnom cesta i propisima. Europski kamioni često sudjeluju u prometu na užim cestama na kojima je otežano manevriranje, a pritom ne smiju biti duži od 18,75 metara pa se i prostor optimizira. Kamion je skraćen, motor je ispod vozača… Europski tip kamiona osigurava bolju upravljivost i okretnost što je opet važno zbog užih cesta.

Američki vozači moraju prelaziti mnogo veće udaljenosti i zbog toga im odgovara dizajn kamiona s ‘nosom’. Vozač sjedi iza motora, ulaz u kamion je lakši, a mnogo je veća kabina u kamionu što osigurava i bolje smještajne kapacitete. Oni su ključni jer su vozači mnogo više na cesti, nerijetko su oni sami vlasnici kamiona i praktički žive u njima. Kreveti su veći, hladnjaci su veći, sve je prilagođenije životu na cesti. Manevarske sposobnosti su lošije, parkiranje je teže, ali ceste u Americi su široke pa to i nije pretjerano važno.

Unatoč visokim standardima europskih kamiona, američki kamioni su sigurniji u slučaju forotalnog sudara jer je ispred vozača masivna struktura s motorom. U Americi je dizajn kamiona uglavnom bio sličan europskom do 1976. godine (bilo je i onih s ‘nosom’) kada je bila ograničena dužina kamiona. Tada je ograničenje ukinuto pa je većina kamiona dizajnirana s ‘nosom’. Teslin električni Semi ima strukturu koja pokušava pomiriti europski i američki dizajn.

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