Beogradska Aja Sofija nalazila se na mjestu današnje Skupštine: Miloš Obrenović je srušio za vreću dukata
Beogradska Aja Sofija nalazila se na mjestu današnje Skupštine: Bila je žrtva mnogih bitaka, a na kraju je srušena po naredbi Miloša Obrenovića za vreću dukata.
Vjerovali ili ne, na mjestu današnje Skupštine u Beogradu nekada se nalazila Batal džamija, najljepša i najveća građevina u Srbiji, kako su je opisivali putopisci tog doba.
Batal džamiju izgradio je imućni beogradski nazor Ejnehan-beg 1585. godine i nazvao je svojim imenom pod kojim je bila poznata sve do 1789. godine.
Lokacija je pažljivo izabrana na periferiji kao, kako će kasniji ratovi pokazati, strateškom mjestu za očuvanje grada. Ovo potvrđuje i jedan austrijski izvještaj s kraja 18. vijeka u kome se precizno navodi da je džamija “1000 koraka daleko od onog gradskog bedema koji je opasivao varoš”.
Svojim izgledom Batal džamija je mamila uzdahe. Bila je izgrađena od tesanog kamena peščara koji je vremenom dobio crvenkasto-sivu boju. Bila je visine 18 metara, dok su bočni zidovi imali 15 metara. Unutrašnjost je osvjetljavalo 20 prozora koji su se završavali zašiljenim lukovima.
Ulazna vrata bila su postavljena na sjevernoj strani, dok je minaret izgrađen na pijedastalu koji je imao osam strana. Iznutra, zidovi su bili bogate dekoracije, a niše ispod svoda imale su ukras u obliku stalaktita. Iznad mihraba, isticali su se povijeni dekorativni lukovi, izrađeni od naizmjenično nanizanih kamenih blokova, tamnih i svijetlih.
Pored džamije nalazilo se groblje na kome su sahranjivani viđeniji Turci. Sa njenog minareta mujezin je pozivao vjernike na molitvu, a sam objekat predstavljao je glavnu bogomolju od 11 džamija u Beogradu.
U brojnim prevratima, ova bogomolja je rušena i obnavljana u više navrata. Tek 1766. je prvi put popravljena, a već 1789. godine je teško oštećena. Tada je i zaradila svoj naziv Batal džamija – što na turskom znači zapuštena.
Prvi put Batal džamija bila je oštećena u napadu Austrijanaca na Beograd 1717. pod vođstvom Eugena Savojskog. Tokom druge austrijske okupacije Beograda (1717.—1739.) bila je pretvorena u skladište uniformi regimente princa Aleksandra Virtemberškog.
Međutim, nakon što su Turci potukli austrijsku vojsku kod Grocke 1739. godine i vratili se u Beograd, započeli su sa obnovom zdanja. Radovi su završeni tek 1766. godine, a u ovu svrhu potrošeno je 7.000 groša.
Džamija nije dugo zadržala svoj sjaj.
U borbama za Beograd, 1789. godine, ponovo je oštećena. Turci su je koristili za odbranu, a glavnokomandujući austrijskih trupa, maršal Laudon, je prema njenom minaretu usmjeravao i određivao pravce napada na grad. Austrijanci su tada po treći put od Turaka preuzeli Beograd, ali su se u njemu zadržali samo dvije godine.
Zla kob Batal džamije još nije bila završena. Tokom borbi za oslobođenje Beograda u Prvom srpskom ustanku 1806. godine, džamija je katastrofalno oštećena kada su je Karađorđevi artiljerci pogodili iz trešnjevog topa i raspolutili minaret.
U vrijeme Drugog srpskog ustanka, ustanici su u džamiji postavili stražu i odatle kontrolisali dunavsku stranu Beograda i Vidin kapiju.
Zaludna carigradska molba
Beogradski vezir, Jusuf-paša, po okončanju borbi, imao je namjeru da popravi Batal-džamiju, o čemu je obavijestio kneza Miloša, 20. juna 1836. godine. Tada mu je pisao da je „inžinjer Ethem-bej vidio je kako stoka ulazi u ovu džamiju, zbog čega su joj zazidana vrata…“.
Uzalud je paša objašnjavao da mu je poslato 50.000 groša, dva zlatna polumjeseca alema i feman kojim mu se naređuje da opravi Batal džamiju, da ”…naš Car… ima veliku želju za popravljanjem zadužbina” i isticao da bi “popravku trebalo izvršiti kako bi nizami, koji će vježbati na Vračaru, mogli kad dođe vrijeme i namaz da klanjaju u džamiji”.
Knez Miloš odbio je renoviranje džamije uz objašnjenje da je taj dio u srpskim rukama i u blizini palilulske crkve. Uzalud su bile i urgencije iz Carigrada. Knez je smatrao da popravak Batal džamije znači širenje turske vlasti van granica beogradske varoši, što hatišerifom, kojim je rečeno da je sva zemlja van varoši u srpskim rukama, nije bilo dozvoljeno.
Miloš je čak naredio da se zemljište prekopa i preore, a “da se oko Batal džamije više pandura nađu”. Da bi bio siguran da se turska vojska neće vratiti, Miloš je naredio da se spali Savamala, a neposlušni Savamalci nasele oko Batal-džamije, a tu je bila postavljena i stočna pijaca.
Srušena za šaku dukata
Kad je Karađorđe osvojio Beograd, šerefe i vrh minareta bili su već srušeni, ali je centralni dio džamije još prkosio zubu vremena. Tadašnji upravnik Biblioteke Janko Šafarik je imao ideju da se Batal-džamija pretvori u Srpski narodni muzej, a knez Mihailo zagovarao je njenu popravku i smještanje Državne arhive u nju.
K.N. Hristić zapisuje: ”Unutrašnjost džamije bila je smetljište, za čitavu okolinu, puno svakojake nečisti. Glavni joj je ulaz bio sa sjeverne strane prema varoši, ali su joj svi prozori unaokolo bili razvaljeni, gotovo do zemlje, te je izgledala kao da stoji na svodovima. Vrh u minareta bio je podrubljen… Po dupljama na džamiji legli su se, na hiljade, vrapci i čavke, a uveče su je oblijetala čitava jata slijepih miševa. Krov, godinama zasipan zemljom i prašinom, bio je pokriven trnjem i travuljinom. Čak je iz onih pukotina nikao jedan mali dud crnoga roda, oko koga su vrapci džaveljali, da vam čak uši zaglušnu”.
Na kraju, ubrzo nakon odlaska Osmanlija 1867. godine, stara Batal džamija je 1869. (ili 1878) godine, po naređenju namjesnika Blaznavca, sravnjena sa zemljom. Rušenje su obavili Cincari za 230 dukata koje je isplatio kafedžija Panđalo.
To je bio kraj beogradske Aja Sofije.
Enjoyed reading this, very good stuff, regards.
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