Engleska ukinula mjere, brojke i dalje padaju!
Engleska ukinula mjere, brojke i dalje padaju. Naučnici: Ovo je bez presedana
Šta se dešava u Engleskoj
ZNANSTVENICI su zbunjeni naglim padom dnevnog broja zaraza koronavirusom u Velikoj Britaniji unatoč slabijim mjerama, piše Nature.
Broj novih slučajeva se u samo dva tjedna i više nego prepolovio – s 54.674 17. srpnja na 22.287 2. kolovoza.
“Nitko zapravo ne zna što se događa”, rekao je epidemiolog John Edmunds s Londonske škole za higijenu i tropsku medicinu (LSHTM).
Konkretno, nije jasno pokazuju li ove brojke da je vrhunac trećeg vala prošao ili se radi o zastoju zaraza prouzrokovanom složenim društvenim čimbenicima.
Širenje zaraznije delta varijante koronavirusa u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu činilo se, unatoč uspješnom programu cijepljenja, kao nadolazeća velika kriza. Eksponencijalni rast broja infekcija od lipnja doveo je do toga da se predviđalo kako će se dnevno zabilježiti preko 100 tisuća novih slučajeva, a strahovalo se i od prevelikog pritiska na britanski zdravstveni sustav u vidu hospitalizacija.
U takvoj klimi mnogi su znanstvenici smatrali kako je vladino potpuno ublažavanje mjera bezobzirno.
Još uvijek je prerano znati efekt opuštanja na broj zaraza, s obzirom na to da podaci o novim slučajevima i hospitalizacijama kasne oko dva tjedna. Ipak, neki od stručnjaka za javno zdravstvo očekivali su ovakav pad te ga pokušavaju protumačiti.
Ne radi se o imunitetu krda
Edmunds kaže da ovi podaci ne znače da se u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu razvio imunitet krda.
“Pad broja slučajeva donekle je bez presedana – u smislu da se taj trend pokazuje diljem zemlje – jer takve situacije su zabilježene tek nakon lockdowna. Ipak, imunitet krda manifestirao bi se na različitim mjestima u različito vrijeme”, kaže.
TEKST SE NASTAVLJA ISPOD OGLASA
Unatoč tomu što je oko 70 posto odrasle populacije u Velikoj Britaniji potpuno cijepljeno protiv koronavirusa, još uvijek postoji velik broj osjetljivih građana.
Najveći udio infekcija javlja se među osobama u dobi od 16 do 24 godine, od kojih je većina ili necijepljena ili još nisu primile obje doze.
“Neke slučajne fluktuacije u stopi zaraza su neizbježne. To je upravo situacija s kojom se, recimo, suočavaju klimatske promjene. U podacima se pojavljuju očiti znakovi i pitanje je u kojem trenutku treba preispitati uzrok”, kaže Graham Medley, također s LSHTM-a.
“Čini se da smanjenje broja slučajeva tijekom dana implicira specifičan temeljni uzrok. Ali taj uzrok može biti kombinacija mnogih stvari”, kaže Edmunds.
Razlozi pada
Prvo, pad bi se mogao doimati izraženijim zbog naglog porasta broja infekcija u Engleskoj sredinom srpnja, koji je bio uzrokovan Europskim nogometnim prvenstvom zbog kojeg su se mnogi ljudi okupljali u pubovima, barovima i domovima te na stadionima. To je, kaže Edmunds, u skladu s većom stopom infekcije među muškarcima u ovom trenutku.
Drugi glavni razlog pada broja slučajeva mogao bi biti kraj školske godine. Mnoge škole u Engleskoj zatvorene su oko 23. srpnja. Ipak, prerano je da bi se to pokazalo o službenim podacima o koronavirusu. No smanjenje broja slučajeva povezanih s krajem školske godine već može biti očito jer su neki učenici s nastavom bili gotovi tjedan dana ranije.
Ako je to tako, jasno je koliko škola i mladi utječu na brojke – to ima implikacije na nedavnu odluku vlade da ne cijepi većinu mlađih od 18 godina.
Na ovakve brojke mogli bi utjecati i drugi čimbenici, kaže Christina Pagel s University Collegea u Londonu. Toplo vrijeme dovelo je do više druženja na otvorenom i npr. to bi moglo smanjiti transmisiju virusa.
Također, moguće je da bi pad broja zabilježenih slučajeva mogao biti posljedica manjeg broja testiranja, a ne stvarnog pada infekcija. Pagel kaže da pojedinci potencijalno izbjegavaju testiranje ako imaju samo blage simptome – možda zato što si ne mogu dopustiti samoizolaciju ili ne žele ugroziti planove za odmor.
Klinički imunolog Alex Richter sa Sveučilišta u Birminghamu kaže da bi uzrok manjem broju testiranja mogao biti kraj školske godine te sveopći društveni zamor, ali upozorava kako je u ovom trenutku teško kvantificirati. Broj testiranja je pao, ali je opao i udio pozitivnih testova.
Hospitalizacije su također u padu. Međutim, Paget upozorava da postoje neki pokazatelji da bi se infekcije sada mogle ponovo pojaviti. Više podataka u narednim danima i tjednima, na primjer iz britanskog Ureda za nacionalnu statistiku i s Imperial Collegea u Londonu, odnosno programa za procjenu prijenosa u zajednici (REACT) koji provodi redovno testiranje kod kuće na više od 100 tisuća ljudi, moglo bi razjasniti što se zaista događa.
Budućnost zaraze
Tek treba vidjeti kako će ublažavanje mjera promijeniti ponašanje javnosti, a time i infekcije.
“Ne možemo dobro predvidjeti ljudsko ponašanje. Nitko od nas nije računao na Europsko prvenstvo, ali je sve izglednije da je ono doista imalo učinka”, kaže Edmunds.
On sugerira da bi Englesku tijekom narednih tjedana moglo očekivati ono što se danas događa u Škotskoj. Praznici u Škotskoj i vrhunac zaraze tijekom Europskog prvenstva dogodili su se prije nekoliko tjedana, a brojevi su i dalje niski.
Međutim, znanstvenici se slažu da će povratak učenika, studenata i uredskih radnika u rujnu, kao i mogućnost da će zaštita cjepiva oslabjeti, vjerojatno potaknuti novi rast.
“Mislim da će ljeto predstavljati mali odmor, ali da će pandemija polako rasti te da će stvari opet eskalirati najesen. Nije još sve gotovo”, kaže Richter za Nature, prenosi Index.hr
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