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Stručnjaci: Njemačkoj će do 2030. nedostajati šest miliona radnika

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Stručnjaci: Njemačkoj će do 2030. nedostajati šest miliona radnika

Iznesene neoborive činjenice

U Njemačkoj su strani radnici dugo bili osjetljiva tema. No, sada su iznesene neoborive činjenice koje sile Njemačku na otvaranje, komentira Jens Turau (Thurau), javlja “Deutsche Welle”.

– Toliko mnogo konsenzusa nikad nije bilo – izjavio je predsjednik Udruženja poslodavaca Ingo Kramer u ponedjeljak u sjedištu njemačke vlade.

On je time mislio na konsenzus i složnost svih relevantnih političkih i ekonomskih snaga u Njemačkoj o tome da je ovoj zemlji potrebna stručna radna snaga iz inozemstva, i to ne samo iz članica Evropske unije, već i iz drugih zemalja. Do 2030. godine, saglasni su stručnjaci, Njemačkoj će nedostajati šest miliona radnika. Već godinama dižu uzbunu prije svega zanatska udruženja. Njima trenutno nedostaje 250.000 ljudi.

Razlog je, s jedne strane, to što Njemačka stari, odnosno sve je više starije populacije. Osim toga, zanatski poslovi su za mlade u ovoj zemlji sve manje atraktivni i loše plaćeni. Pored toga, njemačka izvozna ekonomija cvjeta i nalazi se u ekspanziji. Tako se potiho, činjenicama, okončava borba kultura u Njemačkoj, koja je oduvijek imala apsurdne momente.

Još prije 20 godina konzervativni političari u Njemačkoj vodili su predizborne kampanje koristeći strah njemačkog stanovništva od dolaska radne snage izvana. Tako je u to vrijeme CDU-ov političar Jirgen Rutgers (Jurgen Ruttgers), koji je poslije postao premijer savezne pokrajine Sjeverna Rajna i Vestfalija, u jednom intervjuu rekao: “Umjesto Indijaca, na kompjuterima bi morala biti naša djeca!”

A onda se nije dogodilo ni jedno ni drugo. Pokušaji dovođenja Indijaca u Njemačku, koje je kasnije poduzimala njemačka vlada, sastavljena od socijaldemokrata i zelenih, ostali su bez uspjeha. A ni njemačka djeca se nisu uspješnije obučavala na kompjuterima, posebno ne u školama.

Suštinski razlog za ovakve čudne debate bio je taj što se njemački političari nisu usuđivali otvoreno reći ono što je bilo činjenično stanje, a to je da je Njemačka odavno useljenička zemlja. Šezdesetih godina, pa i ranije, počeli su stizati Italijani, Turci, Portugalci i Grci. Namjerno su ih nazvali gastarbajterima – radnicima koji su bili samo gosti u Njemačkoj. Ovaj naziv sugerirao je da bi se oni jednog dana trebali vratiti u svoje zemlje. Oni to nisu učinili – ostali su, dobili djecu, a sada i njihova djeca imaju djecu. Mnogi od njih nikad se nisu mogli osjećati kao kod kuće, jer je nedostajala poruka da su oni trajno dobrodošli. To je dovelo do problema u integraciji, s kojima se Njemačka danas susreće.

“Borba kultura” ostala je do danas, samo što se vodi na drugim frontovima – ulogu neprijatelja stranaca preuzela je desno-populistička “Alternativa za Njemačku” (AfD), dok su se etablirane stranke u zemlji udružile protiv nje. Zasluga je i razumne i pragmatične kancelarke Merkel što je svojoj Demokršćanskoj uniji izbacila iz glave narativ o opasnim strancima. Angela Merkel odavno je uvjerena da Njemačka svoje blagostanje može održati samo uz daljnje useljavanje stranaca.

Sada, nakon utvrđenih činjenica, moraju uslijediti djela: od svih vodećih industrijskih zemalja, Njemačka, zemlja s najjačom ekonomijom u Evropi, zauzima mjesto na sredini ljestvice kad se ljudima u inozemstvu postavi pitanje bi li rado došli raditi u Njemačku. Birokratija nepotrebno otežava stvari, a i plaće su u drugim zemljama bolje. Nerijetko nedostaje tzv. kultura dobrodošlice. I vijesti o ekstremno desničarskim i antisemitskim napadima odvraćaju potencijalne useljenike od dolaska u Njemačku.

Nezavisno od neosporno utvrđenih činjenica da su ovoj zemlji potrebni useljenici kao radna snaga, i dalje se vodi rasprava o izbjeglicama. Nakon što je izbjeglički val zapljusnuo zemlju tokom 2015. i 2016. godine, došlo je do niza pooštravanja propisa o azilu. Pri tome i došljaci daju svoj doprinos u popunjavanju otvorenih radnih mjesta. U protekle četiri godine skoro pola miliona izbjeglica našlo je posao u Njemačkoj. U narednom razdoblju će i mnogi Britanci, šokirani zbog izlaska njihove zemlje iz EU, željeti doći u Njemačku – a mnogi od njih će i trajno ostati.

To će ovu zemlju trajno promijeniti – bit će šarenija i raznolikija. Bez obzira na izljeve bijesa huškača iz redova krajnje desnice, činjenice niko ne može osporiti i to je većina u Njemačkoj konačno shvatila, javlja “Deutsche Welle”.

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